宁夏典型工业场地多环芳烃的来源解析及特定源的毒理学风险评估
Source Apportionment and Source-specific Toxicological Risk Assessment of PAHs in a Typical Industrial Site in Ningxia
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摘要: 人类大规模的工业活动是环境污染物的重要来源之一，工业场地及其周边环境污染问题较其他环境更为典型和突出。为探究宁夏某典型工业园区土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况、组成、来源及毒理学风险，本研究采集了冶金、化学农药制造和化学制品制造等不同行业的企业及其厂区周边的108个表层土壤样本。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了16种PAHs的浓度，用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)进行来源解析，使用毒性当量浓度(TEQ)、诱变当量浓度(MEQ)和终生致癌风险(ILCR)3个指标进行了毒理学风险评估，并进一步评估特定来源的致癌和致突变风险贡献，以促进在风险基础上的排放源管理和控制。结果表明，该工业园区表层土壤中PAHs的平均浓度为(2 029.1±5 585.9) μg·kg-1，在全国和宁夏区内均处于较高污染水平。园区内土壤PAHs主要来源为交通源(53.9%)、重油燃烧源(27.0%)、煤和生物质燃烧源(14.9%)和钢铁工业来源(4.2%)，主要污染行业为活性炭制造、石灰氮制造和冶金工业。PAHs对成人的ILCR为4.5×10-6，潜在致癌风险主要来源于经口摄入和皮肤接触。交通源贡献了最大的致癌(45.4%)和致突变风险(43.4%)。Abstract: Large-scale industrial activities are one of the main sources of environmental pollutants. The pollution problems of industrial sites and their surroundings are more typical and prominent than those of other environments. In order to explore the pollution level, composition, source and toxicological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of a typical industrial park in Ningxia, this study collected 108 surface soil samples from enterprises and the surroundings belonged to metallurgy, chemical pesticide manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, etc. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for source apportionment. Toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ), mutagenic equivalent concentration (MEQ), and incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) were used for toxicological risk assessment. Then, the source-specific carcinogenic and mutagenic risk contributions are further assessed to facilitate risk-based management and control of emission sources. The results showed that the average concentration of PAHs in the surface soil of the industrial park was (2 029.1±5 585.9) μg·kg-1, which was at a relatively high pollution level in China and in Ningxia. The main sources of PAHs were traffic sources (53.9%), heavy oil combustion (27.0%), and the combustion of coal and biomass (14.9%) and steel industry (4.2%). The main polluting industries in the park are the manufacture of activated carbon, lime nitrogen and metallurgy. The ILCR of adults was 4.5×10-6, and the potential carcinogenic risk mainly came from ingestion and dermal exposure. Traffic sources contributed the largest carcinogenic risk (45.4%) and mutagenic risk (43.4%).
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