-
锑(Sb)是一种天然微量元素,位于元素周期表第VA族,有以下4种价态:Sb(-Ⅲ), Sb(0), Sb(Ⅲ)和 Sb(Ⅴ),在自然环境中主要以Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)存在[1]。Sb及其化合物常在聚酯纤维、阻燃剂、电池合成过程中作为催化剂,此外Sb在医疗行业还被用于治疗利什曼病、血吸虫病、蛔虫病等[2-4]。Sb的环境背景值低,未受污染水体中的Sb含量小于1 µg·L−1[5-6],然而锑矿开采和含锑产品的生产使用使得环境中的Sb含量远远高于其背景值,在人类活动区域的地表水中Sb含量甚至高达7 mg·L−1 [7]。Sb作为一种有毒类金属元素,已被美国环境保护协会(USEPA)和欧盟(EU)列为优先污染物,我国规定饮用水中的Sb浓度不得超过5 μg·L−1,工业废水排放限值为1 mg·L−1[8]。因此,探索水中Sb的净化处理技术具有重大意义。
常见的含Sb废水处理技术包括絮凝沉淀、吸附、电化学、膜过滤等方法,其中吸附法由于操作简单、污泥产生量少、价格低廉等优点而受到广泛关注[9]。生物吸附剂(细菌、真菌、藻类、植物等)来源广、成本低,逐渐受到研究者们的青睐[10-11]。酵母是世界上最常见的微生物之一,易大规模培养且生物产量高,作为发酵或制药工业过程中的副产物,供应稳定[12]。目前已有许多研究利用酵母作为吸附剂去除水中的重金属离子(如Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+等)[12-14],然而多数研究集中于阳离子重金属的吸附,对含氧阴离子重金属的关注较少,且酵母对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附去除鲜有报道,故本文选择酵母粉作为吸附材料来探究其对废水中Sb(Ⅴ)净化处理的应用潜力。
一般来说,生物吸附剂含有大量带负电荷的官能团,其阳离子吸附能力较强而阴离子吸附能力较弱[15],因此,人们通过一系列的表面改性操作来提高它们对阴离子的吸附能力。研究表明,铁改性能提高吸附剂对水中含氧阴离子(如磷酸根、砷酸根、锑酸根等)的去除能力[16-18],例如刘爱平[19-20]通过FeCl3改性使天然凹凸棒石和斜发沸石对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附能力提升了8倍以上。因此本文采用FeCl3对酵母粉进行改性,旨在提高酵母粉对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附性能,研究FeCl3浓度、吸附剂投加量以及pH对Sb(Ⅴ)去除率的影响,在最佳吸附条件下进行铁改性酵母粉对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学、吸附等温线实验,采用扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(ATR-FTIR)等手段对样品进行表征,探究改性酵母粉对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附机理,为Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附去除提供新的思路与方法。
铁改性酵母粉对锑酸盐的吸附机理
Adsorption mechanism of antimonate by iron modified yeast powder
-
摘要: 采用氯化铁(FeCl3)制备了铁改性酵母粉,测试其对溶液中锑酸盐(Sb(V))的吸附性能,考察了FeCl3浓度、溶液pH以及酵母粉投加量对Sb(V)去除的影响,研究了Sb(V)在铁改性酵母粉表面的吸附动力学、吸附等温线特征,并用SEM-EDS、ATR-FTIR、XRD、XPS等方法对改性酵母粉进行表征以探究其吸附机理。结果表明,改性酵母粉吸附Sb(V)的最佳条件为:FeCl3浓度0.5 mol·L−1、酵母粉投加量2 g·L−1、pH 3。0.5 mol·L−1 FeCl3改性酵母粉(0.5 Fe-Y)对溶液中Sb(V) 的最大去除率为91.2%,吸附容量达68.15 mg·g−1。0.5 Fe-Y对Sb(V)的吸附符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型,该吸附过程属于化学吸附,涉及络合反应和静电吸附。FeCl3改性能显著增强酵母粉对Sb(V)的吸附能力,酵母粉表面羟基等官能团增多、电位增加、晶形结构更加无序以及表面羟基铁与Sb(V)形成内层络合物是其Sb(V)吸附能力增强的原因。Abstract: Iron modified yeast powder was synthesized and tested for its ability to adsorb antimonate (Sb(V)) from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of various parameters, including FeCl3 concentration, pH, and dosage of yeast powder on the Sb(V) removal. Antimonate adsorption kinetics and isotherm characteristics were investigated and the Sb(V) adsorption mechanism was explored by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optimal conditions for Sb(V) adsorption by the modified yeast powder were as follows: FeCl3 concentration 0.5 mol·L−1, dosage 2 g·L−1, and pH 3. The maximum Sb(V) removal rate and adsorption capacity of 0.5 mol·L−1 FeCl3 modified yeast powder (0.5 Fe-Y) were 91.2% and 68.15 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption data well fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The Sb(V) adsorption process showed chemical nature, involving complexation and electrostatic adsorption. The FeCl3 modification significantly enhanced the Sb(V) adsorption capacity of yeast powder. This could be attributed to increase of hydroxyl and other functional groups, zeta potential, more disordered crystal structure on the surface of iron modified yeast powder and formation of inner-sphere complexes between surface hydroxyl iron and Sb(V).
-
Key words:
- iron modified /
- yeast /
- Sb(V) /
- adsorption
-
表 1 0.5 Fe-Y吸附Sb(Ⅴ)的动力学模型拟合参数
Table 1. Kinetic model parameters for the Sb(Ⅴ) adsorption by 0.5 Fe-Y
伪一级动力学模型
pseudo-first-order kinetics model伪二级动力学模型
pseudo-second-order kinetics modelqe/(mg·g−1) k1/ h−1 R2 qe/(mg·g−1) k2/(g·mg·h−1) R2 2.32 2.02 0.91 2.37 2.39 0.998 表 2 0.5 Fe-Y对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线模型拟合参数
Table 2. Isotherm model parameters of Sb(Ⅴ) adsorption by 0.5 Fe-Y
Langmuir Freundlich qm /(mg·g−1) kl /(L·mg−1) R2 kf /(mg1−(1/n)·L1/n·g−1) 1/n R2 68.15 0.14 0.995 13.52 0.28 0.911 表 3 0.5 Fe-Y与其他吸附剂的Sb(Ⅴ)吸附容量对比
Table 3. Comparisons of Sb(Ⅴ) adsorption capacity between 0.5 Fe-Y and other adsorbents
吸附剂
AdsorbentSb(Ⅴ)浓度/(mg·L−1)
Sb(Ⅴ) concentrationpH S/L/ (g·L−1) 吸附容量/(mg·g−1)
Adsorption capacity文献
Reference膨润土 0.05 — 4 6.0 25 0.556 [27] 纳米零价铁 0 — 20 4 — 10 2 1.65 [28] 大型绿藻 25 2.0 0.25 3.1 [29] 微囊藻 0.2 — 10 2.8 50 7.34 [11] 高岭石 1 6.0 25 12 [30] 铈掺杂磁性生物炭 10 — 100 7.5 1 25 [31] 松树皮提取物 20 2 0.5 27 [32] 太湖蓝藻 10 — 600 2.5 50 38.2 [33] TiO2 0.5 — 150 7.0 1 43 [34] 铁锆双氧化物 0 — 25 7.0 0.2 51 [35] ZrO2-碳纳米纤维 10 — 500 7.0 1 57.17 [36] 合成锰矿 0.5 — 98 3.0 0.6 95 [37] 0.5 Fe-Y 10 3.0 2 68.15 本研究 -
[1] SANTOS S, UNGUREANU G, BOAVENTURA R, et al. Biosorption of antimony by brown algae S. muticum and A. nodosum [J]. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2015, 14(2): 455-463. doi: 10.30638/eemj.2015.047 [2] WANG L L, LI H, YU D Y, et al. Hyperbranched polyamide-functionalized sodium alginate microsphere as a novel adsorbent for the removal of antimony(Ⅲ) in wastewater [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26(26): 27372-27384. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05914-4 [3] WANG L L, LUO Y P, LI H, et al. Preparation and selective adsorption of surface-imprinted microspheres based on hyperbranched polyamide-functionalized sodium alginate for the removal of Sb(Ⅲ) [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2020, 585: 124106. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124106 [4] FILELLA M, BELZILE N, CHEN Y W. Antimony in the environment: A review focused on natural waters: Ⅰ. Occurrence [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2002, 57(1/2): 125-176. [5] FILELLA M, BELZILE N, LETT M C. Antimony in the environment: A review focused on natural waters. Ⅲ. Microbiota relevant interactions [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2007, 80(3/4): 195-217. [6] 任杰, 刘晓文, 李杰, 等. 我国锑的暴露现状及其环境化学行为分析 [J]. 环境化学, 2020, 39(12): 3436-3449. REN J, LIU X W, LI J, et al. Analysis of exposure status quo and environmental chemical behaviors of antimony in China [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(12): 3436-3449(in Chinese).
[7] GUO X J, WU Z J, HE M C. Removal of antimony(Ⅴ) and antimony(Ⅲ) from drinking water by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) [J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(17): 4327-4335. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.033 [8] 蒋丹丹, 王丹, 金鑫, 等. 锑在印染废水高比例循环利用过程中的富集 [J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(3): 591-599. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017072001 JIANG D D, WANG D, JIN X, et al. Accumulation of antimony in a high rate printing and dyeing wastewater recycling process [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(3): 591-599(in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017072001
[9] UNGUREANU G, SANTOS S, BOAVENTURA R, et al. Arsenic and antimony in water and wastewater: Overview of removal techniques with special reference to latest advances in adsorption [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2015, 151: 326-342. [10] 孙福红, 扈学文, 郭飞, 等. 微囊藻吸附剂对Sb(Ⅲ)的生物吸附特征 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2016, 29(12): 1857-1864. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2016.12.14 SUN F H, HU X W, GUO F, et al. Biosorption characteristics of Sb(Ⅲ) by Microcystis biosorbent [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(12): 1857-1864(in Chinese). doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2016.12.14
[11] SUN F H, YAN Y B, LIAO H Q, et al. Biosorption of antimony(Ⅴ) by freshwater cyanobacteria Microcystis from Lake Taihu, China: Effects of pH and competitive ions [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(9): 5836-5848. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2522-7 [12] ZHANG Y S, LIU W G, ZHANG L, et al. Application of bifunctional Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remove lead(Ⅱ) and cadmium(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(23): 9809-9816. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.026 [13] BANIAMERIAN M J, MORADI S E, NOORI A, et al. The effect of surface modification on heavy metal ion removal from water by carbon nanoporous adsorbent [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2009, 256(5): 1347-1354. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.106 [14] YAVUZ H, DENIZLI A, GÜNGÜNEŞ H, et al. Biosorption of mercury on magnetically modified yeast cells [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2006, 52(2): 253-260. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.05.001 [15] WANG B, LI F Y, WANG L. Enhanced hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) removal from aqueous solution by Fe-Mn oxide-modified cattail biochar: Adsorption characteristics and mechanism [J]. Chemistry and Ecology, 2020, 36(2): 138-154. doi: 10.1080/02757540.2019.1699537 [16] YANG Q, WANG X L, LUO W, et al. Effectiveness and mechanisms of phosphate adsorption on iron-modified biochars derived from waste activated sludge [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018, 247: 537-544. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.136 [17] WANG Y L, WANG S F, WANG X, et al. Adsorption behavior and removal mechanism of arsenic from water by Fe(Ⅲ)-modified 13X molecular sieves [J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016, 227(8): 1-10. [18] 许光眉, 施周, 邓军. 石英砂负载氧化铁吸附除锑的研究 [J]. 环境化学, 2006, 25(4): 481-484. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2006.04.020 XU G M, SHI Z, DENG J. Removal of antimony from water by iron-oxide coated sand [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2006, 25(4): 481-484(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0254-6108.2006.04.020
[19] 刘爱平, 黄阳, 王维清, 等. 铁改性凹凸棒土对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附研究 [J]. 非金属矿, 2018, 41(6): 26-29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2018.06.008 LIU A P, HUANG Y, WANG W Q, et al. Study on the adsorption of Sb(Ⅴ) by iron modified attapulgite [J]. Non-Metallic Mines, 2018, 41(6): 26-29(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8098.2018.06.008
[20] 刘爱平, 黄阳, 王维清, 等. 铁改性斜发沸石的制备及吸附Sb(Ⅴ)效果研究 [J]. 矿物岩石, 2018, 38(2): 7-12. LIU A P, HUANG Y, WANG W Q, et al. Preparation of iron mdified clinoptilolite and its adsorption results on Sb(ⅴ) [J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 2018, 38(2): 7-12(in Chinese).
[21] 秦培瑞, 郗敏, 李纪华, 等. 经三氯化铁改性的沸石除磷效果 [J]. 湿地科学, 2017, 15(3): 464-469. doi: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2017.03.021 QIN P R, XI M, LI J H, et al. Effect of phosphorus removal by zeolite modified by ferric trichloride [J]. Wetland Science, 2017, 15(3): 464-469(in Chinese). doi: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2017.03.021
[22] 黄永炳, 李晓娟, 王丽丽, 等. 铁改性锰矿对砷的吸附性能研究 [J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2011, 33(9): 115-119. doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-4431.2011.09.024 HUANG Y B, LI X J, WANG L L, et al. Study of the arsenic adsorption properties on modified manganese ore of iron ore [J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2011, 33(9): 115-119(in Chinese). doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-4431.2011.09.024
[23] 刘喜, 敖鸿毅, 刘剑彤. 铁改性竹炭去除水中的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ) [J]. 环境工程学报, 2012, 6(9): 2958-2962. LIU X, AO H Y, LIU J T. Removal of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) from water by iron-modified bamboo charcoal [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 6(9): 2958-2962(in Chinese).
[24] GUO W J, FU Z Y, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with cationic surfactants and their applications in Sb(V) removal from water [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 710: 136302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136302 [25] ZHANG C, JIANG H Y, DENG Y M, et al. Adsorption performance of antimony by modified iron powder [J]. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(54): 31645-31653. doi: 10.1039/C9RA05646G [26] TU Y H, REN L F, LIN Y X, et al. Adsorption of antimonite and antimonate from aqueous solution using modified polyacrylonitrile with an ultrahigh percentage of amidoxime groups [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 388: 121997. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121997 [27] XI J H, HE M C, LIN C Y. Adsorption of antimony(Ⅲ) and antimony(Ⅴ) on bentonite: Kinetics, thermodynamics and anion competition [J]. Microchemical Journal, 2011, 97(1): 85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.05.017 [28] ZHAO X Q, DOU X M, MOHAN D, et al. Antimonate and antimonite adsorption by a polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized granular adsorbent containing nanoscale zero-valent iron [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 247: 250-257. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.096 [29] UNGUREANU G, FILOTE C, SANTOS S C R, et al. Antimony oxyanions uptake by green marine macroalgae [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2016, 4(3): 3441-3450. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.07.023 [30] XI J H, HE M C, LIN C Y. Adsorption of antimony(Ⅴ) on kaolinite as a function of pH, ionic strength and humic acid [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2010, 60(4): 715-722. doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0209-z [31] WANG L, WANG J Y, WANG Z X, et al. Synthesis of Ce-doped magnetic biochar for effective Sb(Ⅴ) removal: Performance and mechanism [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 345: 501-508. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.022 [32] BACELO H, VIEIRA B R C, SANTOS S C R, et al. Recovery and valorization of tannins from a forest waste as an adsorbent for antimony uptake [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 198: 1324-1335. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.086 [33] 吴珊, 孙福红, 鄢元波, 等. 太湖蓝藻对Sb(Ⅴ)的生物吸附作用 [J]. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(7): 764-769. doi: 10.13198/j.res.2012.07.37.wush.001 WU S, SUN F H, YAN Y B, et al. Biosorption of Sb(Ⅴ) by cyanobacteria from Taihu lake [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(7): 764-769(in Chinese). doi: 10.13198/j.res.2012.07.37.wush.001
[34] JIANG Y X, YAN L, NIE X, et al. Remediation of antimony-contaminated tap water using granular TiO2 column [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 17(4): 323. doi: 10.1071/EN19170 [35] LI X H, DOU X M, LI J Q. Antimony(Ⅴ) removal from water by iron-zirconium bimetal oxide: Performance and mechanism [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 24(7): 1197-1203. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60932-7 [36] LUO J M, LUO X B, CRITTENDEN J, et al. Removal of antimonite (Sb(Ⅲ)) and antimonate (Sb(Ⅴ)) from aqueous solution using carbon nanofibers that are decorated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(18): 11115-11124. [37] WANG X Q, HE M C, LIN C Y, et al. Antimony(Ⅲ) oxidation and antimony(Ⅴ) adsorption reactions on synthetic manganite [J]. Geochemistry, 2012, 72: 41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.chemer.2012.02.002 [38] 李敏, 朱润良, 葛飞, 等. 磷酸根和镉离子在羟基铁改性膨润土表面的协同吸附机制研究 [J]. 环境科学学报, 2013, 33(12): 3205-3210. doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2013.12.011 LI M, ZHU R L, GE F, et al. Synergistic adsorption of cadmium and phosphate on hydroxyl-Fe- bentonite complex [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(12): 3205-3210(in Chinese). doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2013.12.011
[39] BURATTINI E, CAVAGNA M, DELL’ANNA R, et al. A FTIR microspectroscopy study of autolysis in cells of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [J]. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2008, 47(2): 139-147. doi: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.04.007 [40] ROSSI A, RIGON M R, ZAPAROLI M, et al. Chromium (Ⅵ) biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to chemical and thermal treatments [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(19): 19179-19186. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2377-4 [41] 莫贞林, 曾鸿鹄, 林华, 等. 高锰酸钾改性桉木生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(11): 5440-5449 MO Z L, ZENG H H, LIN H, et al. Adsorption Characteristics of Pb(Ⅱ) on Eucalyptus Biochar Modified by Potassium Permanganate[J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(11): 5440-5449(in Chinese).
[42] ZHANG W, WANG F H, WANG P L, et al. Facile synthesis of hydroxyapatite/yeast biomass composites and their adsorption behaviors for lead (Ⅱ) [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2016, 477: 181-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.050 [43] de ROSSI A, RIGUETO C V T, DETTMER A, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae/alginate composites beads for adsorption of heavy metals [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020, 8(4): 104009. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104009 [44] B A, TALASILA S, RAJESH V, et al. Removal of Europium from aqueous solution using Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2019, 54(10): 1620-1631. doi: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1556303 [45] LI Y C, XU Z, WU J X, et al. Efficiency and mechanisms of antimony removal from wastewater using mixed cultures of iron-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria based on scrap iron [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 246: 116756. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116756 [46] WANG L, WAN C L, LEE D J, et al. Biosorption of antimony(Ⅴ) onto Fe(Ⅲ)-treated aerobic granules [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 158: 351-354. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.046 [47] BIRCHALL T, CONNOR J A, HILLIER L H. High-energy photoelectron spectroscopy of some antimony compounds [J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1975(20): 2003. doi: 10.1039/dt9750002003 [48] AVILEZ GARCIA R G, MEZA AVENDAÑO C A, PAL M, et al. Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) thin films by pulse electrodeposition: Effect of thermal treatment on structural, optical and electrical properties [J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2016, 44: 91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.12.018 [49] DOU X M, MOHAN D, ZHAO X Q, et al. Antimonate removal from water using hierarchical macro-/mesoporous amorphous alumina [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 264: 617-624. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.123 [50] HE X Y, MIN X B, PENG T, et al. Enhanced adsorption of antimonate by ball-milled microscale zero valent iron/pyrite composite: Adsorption properties and mechanism insight [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2020, 27(14): 16484-16495. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08163-y [51] LEI M, TAO J, YANG R J, et al. Binding of Sb(Ⅲ) by Sb-tolerant Bacillus cereus cell and cell-goethite composite: Implications for Sb mobility and fate in soils and sediments [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19(6): 2850-2858. doi: 10.1007/s11368-019-02272-z [52] LIU C, LI Y, WANG X L, et al. Efficient extraction of antimony(Ⅲ) by titanate nanosheets: Study on adsorption behavior and mechanism [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021, 207: 111271. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111271 [53] HUDCOVÁ B, ERBEN M L, VÍTKOVÁ M, et al. Antimonate adsorption onto Mg-Fe layered double hydroxides in aqueous solutions at different pH values: Coupling surface complexation modeling with solid-state analyses [J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 229: 236-246. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.008 [54] ZHAO T H, TANG Z, ZHAO X L, et al. Efficient removal of both antimonite (Sb(Ⅲ)) and antimonate (Sb(Ⅴ)) from environmental water using titanate nanotubes and nanoparticles [J]. Environmental Science:Nano, 2019, 6(3): 834-850. doi: 10.1039/C8EN00869H [55] HE X Y, MIN X B, PENG T, et al. Highly efficient antimonate removal from water by pyrite/hematite Bi-mineral: Performance and mechanism studies [J]. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2019, 64(12): 5910-5919. [56] WANG L, WAN C L, ZHANG Y, et al. Mechanism of enhanced Sb(Ⅴ) removal from aqueous solution using chemically modified aerobic granules [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 284: 43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.041 [57] LEUZ A K, MÖNCH H, JOHNSON C A. Sorption of Sb(Ⅲ) and Sb(Ⅴ) to goethite: Influence on Sb(Ⅲ) oxidation and mobilization [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(23): 7277-7282. [58] ARYAL M, ZIAGOVA M, LIAKOPOULOU-KYRIAKIDES M. Comparison of Cr(Ⅵ) and As(Ⅴ) removal in single and binary mixtures with Fe(Ⅲ)-treated Staphylococcus xylosus biomass: Thermodynamic studies [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 169(1/2/3): 100-106. [59] ARYAL M, ZIAGOVA M, LIAKOPOULOU-KYRIAKIDES M. Study on arsenic biosorption using Fe(Ⅲ)-treated biomass of Staphylococcus xylosus [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2010, 162(1): 178-185. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.026