聚苯乙烯纳米塑料在小鼠组织和细胞水平的累积分布规律及动态毒性响应
Cumulative Distribution and Dynamic Toxicity Response of Polystyrene Nanoplastics at Tissue and Cell Levels in Mice
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摘要: 环境中的纳米塑料已证实能被动物摄取并在体内累积，成为潜在的生物危害因素。为阐明纳米塑料在组织和细胞水平的分布和积累规律及其毒性动态规律，本研究分别通过纳米聚苯乙烯塑料(PS-NPs)灌胃BALB/c小鼠和进行RAW264.7巨噬细胞暴露，研究纳米塑料急、慢性暴露时的体内分布规律和细胞动态应激响应规律。结果表明，PS-NPs在小鼠灌胃1 h内，即从胃向肠道转移，24 h后基本代谢完全；但慢性暴露21 d在胃肠道发现严重炎性损伤。细胞吞噬动力学结果显示8 h内胞内积累的PS-NPs量随时间线性增长，随后下降，在12 h后趋于稳定；同步诱导胞内活性氧(ROS)水平显著上升，8 h内与PS-NPs胞内含量成正相关，但对炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6的诱导效应与进入细胞的PS-NPs量不相关。PS-NPs对TNF-α的激活效应显著高于IL-6，表明主要引起细胞免疫反应。本研究结果将有助于纳米塑料的生物危害性及人群健康风险评估，尤其警惕长期低剂量的暴露风险。Abstract: Nanoplastics in the environment have been confirmed to be ingested and accumulated in animal body, and become a potential biohazard factor. In order to elucidate the distribution and accumulation of nano-plastics in tissues and cells and their dynamic toxicity, BALB/c mice and RAW264.7 macrophages were selected to respectively study the in vivo distribution and dynamic stress response of cells during acute and chronic exposure of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs). The results showed that PS-NPs was transferred from stomach to intestinal tract within 1 h in mice after gavage, and were basically metabolized after 24 h. However, severe inflammatory damage was found in the gastrointestinal tract after chronic exposure for 21 d. The results of phagocytosis kinetics showed that the amount of PS-NPs accumulated in macrophages increased linearly with time within 8 h and became stable after 12 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased synchronously, and was positively correlated with the intracellular content of PS-NPs within 8 h. Whereas, the induction effect on the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 was independent of the PS-NPs amount entered into cells. The activation effect of PS-NPs on TNF-α was significantly higher than that of IL-6, indicating that it mainly caused cellular immune response. The results of this study is contributable to the assessment of biohazardous and human health risks of nanoplastics, especially the risk of long-term and low-dose exposure.
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Key words:
- nanoplastics /
- macrophage /
- dynamic distribution /
- oxidative damage
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