安徽铜陵硫化物尾矿区矿砂、土壤和沉积物的天然放射性评价
Natural Radioactivity Evaluation of Ores, Soils and Sediments around Sulfide Tailings at Tongling City, Anhui Province
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摘要: 本文分析了安徽省铜陵3处硫化物尾矿区矿砂、土壤与河流沉积物中4种核素238U、226Ra、232Th和40K的比活度，利用其γ辐射吸收剂量率(the gamma radiation absorbed dose rate, D)和年有效剂量率(annual effective dose equivalent, AEDE)开展了放射性水平评价。结果表明，3个尾矿区矿砂、土壤和沉积物的238U、226Ra和232Th的比活度均值略高于安徽省土壤的平均水平。相关分析结果表明，A尾矿区尾矿砂剖面232Th和40K的比活度与pH值呈显著正相关，指示尾矿砂的氧化酸化导致了232Th和40K的淋失。B尾矿区沉积物和C尾矿区土壤受酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage, AMD)影响显著，226Ra与总硫呈显著正相关，指示226Ra通过AMD迁移到土壤与沉积物中。3个矿区矿砂、土壤和沉积物中4种核素的D的平均值范围为66.22～136.15、81.46～96.67和85.29 nGy·h-1，均高于安徽省土壤的平均水平(56.7 nGy·h-1)；而AEDE的平均值范围为406.03～834.89、499.49～592.75和522.99 μSv·a-1，除了A尾矿区，其余2个尾矿区均高于安徽省土壤平均水平(510 μSv·a-1)，但远低于《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB 18871—2002)规定的基本限值(1 mSv·a-1)。研究表明，铜陵部分硫化物尾矿氧化、酸化及AMD排放导致了放射性核素的淋失和迁移，但不会对周边生态系统造成放射性危害。Abstract: Specific activities of nuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in sulfide ores, soils and river sediments around three mine tailings in City of Tongling, Anhui Province were determined, to calculate their gamma radiation absorbed dose rate (D) and annual effective dose rate (AEDE) and evaluate the corresponding level of radioactivity. The results showed that the average specific activities of 238U, 226Ra and 232Th in sulfide ores, soils and sediments were higher than those of soils in Anhui Province. Positive correlations between the specific activity of 232Th and 40K and pH in sulfide ore profiles suggest a leaching loss of 232Th and 40K from oxidation and acidification of sulfides in ores; the positive correlation between 226Ra and total sulfur in soils and river sediments suggests a source of acid mine drainage (AMD) for 226Ra. The average ranges of the gamma radiation absorbed dose rate for ores, soils and sediments are 66.22～136.15, 81.46～96.67 and 85.29 nGy·h-1, respectively, higher than the average level of soils in Anhui Province (56.7 nGy·h-1). Those average ranges of annual effective dose rate of soils and sediments (406.03～834.89, 499.49～592.75 and 522.99 μSv·a-1) are higher than that of soils in Anhui Province (510 μSv·a-1) but lower than the limited value (1 mSv·a-1) of national standard. This study indicates that the oxidation and acidification of sulfide tailings at Tongling City resulted the leaching and transport of radionuclides between tailings and environmental media, whereas this would not cause radioactive hazards to the surrounding ecosystems.
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Key words:
- natural radioactivity /
- sulfide tailings /
- soils /
- river sediments /
- specific activity
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