磺胺甲恶唑胁迫对2种微塑料上细菌群落和抗性基因影响的初步研究
Preliminary Study on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Bacterial Communities on Two Types of Microplastics under Sulfamethoxazole Stress
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摘要: 微塑料异质性生物膜成为抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)传播扩散的潜在汇。抗生素胁迫浓度以及微塑料种类对其生物膜上ARGs时间动态演化特征的影响目前尚不明确。本研究以聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯作为代表性的微塑料，研究低(10 μg·L-1)、中(100 μg·L-1)、高浓度(1 000 μg·L-1)磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole, SMX)胁迫下，微塑料生物膜上磺胺类抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、Ⅰ类整合子整合酶基因(intI1)和细菌群落的动态演化特征及其关联性。结果表明，2种不同微塑料上ARGs相对丰度无显著差异，但SMX胁迫作用明显提高ARGs丰度并促进ARGs的传播扩散，尤其是高浓度SMX具有最显著的胁迫作用；高浓度SMX胁迫下ARGs具有明显的时间序列演化特征，中浓度胁迫下ARGs无明显变化，低浓度胁迫仅在第60天对ARGs具有明显的促进作用；2种微塑料生物膜上细菌群落组成结构具有差异性特征，然而与ARGs强关联性的细菌在门水平无显著性差异。尽管2种微塑料上细菌属与ARGs共现模式存在差异，但未对不同微塑料上ARGs的相对丰度产生差异性影响。微塑料生物膜上intI1与ARGs具有明显的相关性，但2种微塑料上intI1无明显差异，未引起不同种类微塑料上ARGs差异性分布。Abstract: Microplastic heterogeneous biofilm has become a potential sink for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The influences of antibiotic concentrations and microplastic types on the dynamic evolution characteristics of ARGs in microplastic biofilms are currently unclear. In this study, polyethylene and polystyrene were used as representative microplastics to investigate the dynamic evolution of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), class Ⅰ integron integrase genes (intI1) and bacterial communities and the associations among them in microplastic biofilms under the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) stress with three different concentrations (10, 100, and 1 000 μg·L-1). The results showed that the relative abundance of ARGs on the two different microplastics had no significant difference, but the SMX stress significantly enhanced ARGs abundance and promoted the spread of ARGs, especially under the high-concentration SMX stress. Under the high-concentration SMX stress, ARGs presented obvious time series evolution characteristics. ARGs did not display significant changes under SMX stress with medium concentration. The SMX stress with low concentration significantly promoted the dissemination of ARGs only on the 60th day. The bacterial community composition and structure on two microplastics had different characteristics, but there was no significant difference at the phylum level, which were strongly associated with ARGs. Although the co-occurrence patterns of ARGs and genera were different, the relative abundance of ARGs in biofilms of two microplastics was not significantly impacted. The intI1 and ARGs on the microplastic biofilms were clearly correlated, and present co-occurrence characteristics in the bacterial community network indicates that intI1 may be the main factor promoting the spread of ARGs on the microplastics. The intI1 in biofilms of two microplastics had no significant difference, thus the differential distribution characteristics were not observed in the different types of microplastics.
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Key words:
- microplastic /
- biofilm /
- antibiotic resistance gene /
- bacterial community
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