江西省稻渔系统中土壤和稻谷重金属污染特征及健康风险评价
Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil and Rice for Jiangxi Rice-Fish Co-culture System
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摘要: 为了解江西省采用稻渔综合种养模式的土壤中重金属的污染现状，采集土壤和稻谷样品，测定Cu、Cd和Pb的含量，采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、潜在生态危害综合指数法和地累积指数法等对重金属污染状况进行了分析评价，同时进行了膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明，研究区稻田土壤中仅Cd元素的平均含量高于国家农业土壤的限定值。内梅罗指数法评价结果表明，重度污染点位数占31.03%，相关性分析表明，稻谷与土壤中Pb含量呈显著正相关性。综合潜在生态风险指数平均值为113.55属于无风险级别，其中，Cd的贡献率为87.8%。从地累积指数法的评价结果来看，Cu属于无污染等级，而Cd和Pb均属于轻度污染等级。膳食风险评估结果表明，稻谷中Cu和Pb的平均风险商均<1，无摄入风险；Cd元素对成人的风险商>1，说明对成人的健康存在风险。总体而言，Cd元素对研究区稻田土壤影响较大。Abstract: In order to find the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution of rice-fish co-culture systems in Jiangxi Province, the soil and rice samples were collected systematically, and the concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb in the samples were determined. The single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, potential ecological risk index, geoaccumulation index were applied for the evaluation of heavy metal pollution, and the dietary exposure risk assessment was conducted. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd in paddy soil were higher than the screening value for national agricultural soil. The results of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method showed that the number of severe contamination points accounted for 31.03%. The correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb in brown rice were significantly positively correlated with Pb concentrations in paddy soil. The average value of comprehensive potential ecological risk index is 113.55, which indicates risk-free level, and the contribution rate of Cd for potential ecological risk is 87.8%. According to the results of the geoaccumulation index method, Cu shows the pollution-free level, while Cd and Pb show the mild pollution level. According to the results of dietary exposure risk assessment, the average risk quotients of Cu and Pb in rice are less than 1, which means no risk of ingestion; the risk quotient of Cd to adults is more than 1, indicating a risk to the health of adults. In general, there is a risk of heavy metal pollution of soil in the study area, and Cd pollution is more serious than that of Cu and Pb.
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Key words:
- rice-fishery-farming system /
- heavy metal /
- health risk assessment /
- soil /
- rice
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