我国苯的环境暴露、风险评估与管控
Environmental Exposure, Risk Assessment and Control of Benzene in China
-
摘要: 我国苯生产量大，且用途广泛。与此同时，大量的苯系物通过化石燃料燃烧、汽车尾气排放以及生产使用过程中泄漏的方式进入环境。结合国内外对苯的毒理研究成果，探索了苯在环境中释放与转归路径，统计了我国大气、土壤、地下水、地表水、沉积物及食物链中苯的赋存现状。由于苯有致癌性，长期或频繁地暴露在苯环境中的人群存在致癌风险。环境中苯主要以气态相存在，呼吸吸入是人体苯暴露的主要途径，研究采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）吸入风险评估模型，计算人群在苯暴露下的致癌风险。根据化工区、交通干道两侧和地下车库3个区域空气苯的统计数据，开展人体健康风险评估，致癌风险分别为3.98×10-5、9.66×10-5和1.44×10-6，风险不可接受；以可接受风险水平10-6为目标，反推以上3种情景下苯的最大允许暴露浓度分别为0.0002、0.0002和0.0321 mg·m-3。上述研究结果为确定我国环境空气质量标准中苯的控制限值和保护人体健康提供了基础数据。Abstract: Benzene has been produced with a large quantity and numerous applications in China. Meanwhile, a large amount of benzene series enters the environment through fossil fuel combustion, automobile exhaust emissions, leakage of liquid benzene during production and storage. Based on the international results of toxicological studies, the path of benzene release and fate in the environment was explored, and the occurrence status of benzene in China's atmosphere, soil, groundwater, surface water, sediment and food chain was calculated. Benzene is carcinogenic, people who are exposed to the benzene environment for long or frequent periods have high risk of cancer. Benzene mainly exists in the gaseous phase in the environment, and inhalation is the main route of human exposure to benzene. This study used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) inhalation risk assessment model to calculate the carcinogenic risk of human who were expoesd to benzene. Human health risk assessments were carried out according to the statistical data of atmospheric benzene in three typical areas, including chemical industry area, both sides of the main road and the underground garage. When the carcinogenic risk is 3.98×10-5, 9.66×10-5, and 1.44×10-6, it is unacceptable. With an acceptable risk level of 10-6 as the target, the maximum allowable exposure concentrations of benzene under the above three scenarios are 0.0002, 0.0002 and 0.0321 mg·m-3, respectively. The results presented in this study would provide basic data for establishing ambient air quality criteria of benzene and protecting the human health.
-
Key words:
- benzene /
- environmental exposure /
- risk assessment /
- risk management
-
-
米多, 王涛, 朱玉. 2017年国内外芳烃供需分析[J]. 化学工业, 2018, 36(3):16-22 , 41 Mi D, Wang T, Zhu Y. Analysis of the supply and demand of aromatics in 2017[J]. Chemical Industry, 2018, 36(3):16-22, 41(in Chinese)
中华人民共和国国家安全生产监督管理总局. 危险化学品目录(2015版)实施指南(试行)[S]. 北京:中华人民共和国安全监管总局办公厅, 2015 Environment Australia (EA) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme-Benzene Priority Existing Chemical Assessment Report No.21[R]. Sydney:Environment Australia (EA) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), 2001 卢志强, 商细彬, 张妍, 等. 天津市工业区环境空气苯系物污染特征[J]. 城市环境与城市生态, 2015, 28(3):9-11 Lu Z Q, Shang X B, Zhang Y, et al. Pollution characterization of BETX in ambient air of Tianjin industrial zone[J]. Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2015, 28(3):9-11(in Chinese)
段孟辰. 西安市不同功能区空气中苯系物的污染特征研究[D]. 西安:西北大学, 2014:28-30 Duan M C. Research on pollution characteristics of benzene series in air in different functional areas in Xi'an[D]. Xi'an:Northwest University, 2014:28 -30(in Chinese)
宁晓宇, 王亘, 刘博. 天津市西南部苯系物浓度季节及空间变化特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(6):639-644 Ning X Y, Wang G, Liu B, et al. Seasonal and spatial variations of BTEX in southwest of Tianjin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(6):639-644(in Chinese)
孟凡昊, 秦敏, 梁帅西, 等.合肥市典型交通干道大气苯系物的特征分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(9):4060-4069 Meng F H, Qin M, Liang S X, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric BTX near a main road in Hefei City[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(9):4060-4069(in Chinese)
叶丛雷, 谢品华, 秦敏, 等. 广州市交通主干道空气中苯系物的测量[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(11):3718-3724 Ye C L, Xie P H, Qin M, et al. BTX monitoring nearby main road traffic in Guangzhou[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(11):3718-3724(in Chinese)
陆思华, 白郁华, 陈运宽, 等. 北京市机动车排放挥发性有机化合物的特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2003, 23(2):16-19 Lu S H, Bai Y H, Chen Y K, et al. The characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from motor vehicle in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2003, 23(2):16-19(in Chinese)
张爱东, 郭明明, 修光利. 上海市交通干道空气中苯系物冬季污染特征初探[J]. 中国环境监测, 2006(2):52-55 Zhang A D, Guo M M, Xiu G L. A preliminary study on BTEX pollution characteristics in ambient air at traffic road of Shanghai in winter[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2006 (2):52-55(in Chinese)
苗欣, 孙成, 王禹, 等. 南京市交通干道大气环境中挥发性有机物的研究[J]. 环境保护科学, 2003(5):6-9 Miao X, Sun C, Wang Y, et al. Study on the volatile organic compounds in atmospheric environment by truck road in Nanjing[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2003 (5):6-9(in Chinese)
陈穗玲, 李锦文, 陈南, 等. 地下车库空气中苯系物浓度的时间分布特征与污染评价[J].中国环境监测, 2013, 29(5):32-37 Chen S L, Li J W, Chen N, et al. Underground garage of benzene homologues in air concentration distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2013, 29(5):32-37(in Chinese)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological profile for benzene[R]. Atlanta:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services & Public Health Service & Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority substances list assessment report. Benzene[R]. Quebec:Government of Canada & Environment Canada & Health and Welfare Canada, 1993 European Commission. European Union Risk Assessment Report. Benzene[R] Dortmund:Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin & Anmeldestelle Chemikaliengesetz (BAuA), 2008 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 4861
- HTML全文浏览数: 4861
- PDF下载数: 125
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
