太原市PM2.5中溴代阻燃剂的污染特征及人体暴露水平
Brominated Flame Retardants in PM2.5 in the Urban of Taiyuan: Characteristics of Pollution and Human Exposure
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摘要: 2013年10月至2014年7月，在太原城区，分4个月采集大气细颗粒物，每个月选取4个样品，分析了颗粒物上8种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和6种新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)的浓度与组成。结果表明，大气PM2.5样品中PBDEs和NBFRs总浓度算术平均值分别为(10.9±10.3) pg·m-3和(22.3±24.7) pg·m-3，其中BDE-209、HBB和DBDPE是溴代阻燃剂中的主要污染物。季节变化来看，秋季样品中总PBDEs和总NBFRs的浓度要高于其他季节，夏季最低；化合物组成上，秋季样品中BDE-209含量较低，而NBFRs中HBB含量较高。相关分析显示，溴代阻燃剂的变化与颗粒物浓度和有机质的相关性不大，与大气温度与无显著性相关，而主要与气团来源有关。城市儿童的吸入暴露量约为成人的2~3倍，反映出PM2.5中溴代阻燃剂对城镇居民尤其是儿童的潜在健康危害仍不容忽视。Abstract: This study was designed to characterize the atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) for different brominated flame retardants (BFRs) at an urban site in Taiyuan, China from October, 2013 to July, 2014. A total number of sixteen (16) samples were selected to analyze polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and novel brominated flame retardant (NBFR). Average concentration levels of ∑8PBDEs and ∑6NBFRs were (10.9±10.3) and (22.3±24.7) pg·m-3, respectively. Among all brominated flame retardant, BDE-209, HBB and DBDPE were the predominant congeners. Seasonal variations were characterized by the higher BFR levels in autumn than those in other seasons while low contribution of BDE-209 to ∑PBDEs and high contribution of HBB to ∑NBFRs has been observed in autumn. Findings of the correlation analysis indicated that the concentrations of BFRs was not significantly influenced by particle mass, organic matter and ambient temperature, but affected by the wind direction and speed. Inhalation exposure for children was about 2~3 times higher than that of adults. It is reflected that potential health risks of particulate BFRs for residents especially children should not be ignored in Taiyuan.
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Key words:
- PM2.5 /
- PBDEs /
- NBFRs /
- inhalation exposure /
- Taiyuan
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