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雨水作为非常规水资源,其开发和利用对缓解城市化发展过程中带来的水资源短缺问题具有重要的战略地位。2012年我国提出“海绵城市”理念,旨在提升城市生态系统功能和降低洪涝灾害风险的同时,优先将雨水资源进行就地消纳和利用[1-2]。然而,据《2021中国水资源公报》显示,统计年我国非常规水资源利用量为138.3亿m3,仅占年供水总量的2.3%,其中雨水资源的开发利用率极低[3]。如何提高雨水储用效率,规范雨水利用模式成为雨水战略实施的关键。道路作为汇入市政管网前的末端集水空间受人为活动的干扰较大,同时与城市功能的正常运转密切相关,因此道路径流的安全泄放尤为关键。屋面空间占城市硬质下垫面近2/3,且受人类活动影响较小,其在水质与水量方面具有独特的储用优势[4-6]。传统的城市灰色储水设施主要担负地表径流洪峰削减的功能。除此之外,初期冲刷携带的高浓度污染负荷在储水系统中累积,直接影响回用水质[7-8]。因此,开发面向屋面径流接续储用的新型雨水系统是城市雨水战略实施和雨水资源高质量回用的主要方向。
本研究从水质和水量两个方面对现有屋面雨水储用现状进行了分析和讨论,尝试构建雨水原位储用系统,采用Fluent软件对该系统内部流态和接续污染归趋进行实态模拟,基于模拟结果构建了一种原位新型雨水储用系统,可有效净化初期雨水污染,实现雨水资源高质量回用。
屋面雨水原位接续储用系统研发与应用
Development and application of in-situ continuous roof runoff storage system
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摘要: 屋面雨水储用的水质保障是雨水资源高质量回用的关键。传统储水系统由于结构性缺陷和污染物质接续扩散的影响,导致储水水质不佳。该研究采用Fluent软件,通过改变进水水力条件和系统结构,模拟和识别了储水系统接续过程中的污染物质归趋;创新性提出增设隔离生态净化层,构建基于沉淀区、过渡区和澄清区的新型屋面雨水原位接续储用系统;通过4场降雨的原位净化效果研究,结果表明该新型储水系统净化效果极佳,水质稳定达到城市杂用及景观水回用标准,可作为屋面雨水储用系统装备广泛使用。Abstract: The water quality guarantee of the roof rainwater storage is crucial for ensuring the high-quality reuse of rainwater resources. Traditional water storage systems suffer from poor water quality due to structural defects and the continuous diffusion of pollutants. Fluent software was used to simulate and identify the fate of pollutants during the connection process of the water storage system by altering the hydraulic conditions and system structure of the inlet water. A novel approach was proposed by adding an isolated ecological purification layer and constructing a new type of roof rainwater in-situ continuous storage system based on a sedimentation zone, transition zone, and clarification zone. Through the in-situ purification effect study of four rainfall events, the results showed that the new water storage system had excellent purification effect, and the water quality was stable and met the standards for urban miscellaneous and landscape water reuse. It could be widely adopted as the equipment for roof rainwater storage systems.
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Key words:
- roof runoff /
- storage system /
- fluent /
- first flush /
- ecological purification
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表 1 单场次降雨中各面SS分布及对系统污染物沉积率和截留率
Table 1. Distribution of SS on each surface in a single rainfall event and the deposition and retention efficiency of pollutants in the system
模拟条件 进口SS
体积分数/%出口SS
体积分数/%进水口SS
体积分数/%沉淀区污染物
沉积率/%污染物
截留率/%直管 入口速度 1m/s 0.04 0.000 2 0.027 0 0.33 0.99 入口速度 3 m/s 0.04 0.005 5 0.010 0 0.75 0.86 入口速度 5 m/s 0.04 0.016 9 0.018 5 0.54 0.58 入口速度 5 m/s 弯管 90° 0.04 0.011 4 0.017 0 0.58 0.72 弯管 180° 0.04 0.012 8 0.014 3 0.64 0.68 表 2 接续降雨过程不同时间段SS分布及系统污染物沉积率和截留率
Table 2. Distribution of SS and deposition and retention efficiency of systemic pollutants at different time intervals of successive rainfall processes
% 进水时间/min 进口SS体积分数 出口SS体积分数 过水口SS体积分数 沉淀区污染物沉积率 污染物截留率 10 0.04 0.037 3 0.037 6 −0.06 0.07 20 0.04 0.039 6 0.041 6 0.04 0.01 30 0.04 0.040 0 0.038 9 −0.03 0.00 表 3 水质分析方法
Table 3. Methods of water quality analyses
测定
指标分析方法 参考标准 COD 快速密闭催化消解
法(含光度法)《水和废水监测分析方法》第四版 SS 重量法 《水和废水监测分析方法》第四版 TN 碱性过硫酸钾消解
紫外分光光度法《水质 总氮的测定 碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法:GB 11894—1989》 NH3-N 纳氏试剂分
光光度法《水质 氨氮的测定 纳氏试剂分光光度法:GB 11894—1989)》 -
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