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地下水是我国经济、社会发展、人民生活不可替代的重要资源。地下水污染由于其持久性、隐蔽性和难以治理等特点,受到国内外学者和政府机构的高度关注。文献[1]报道,我国有90%的地下水都遭受了不同程度的污染,其中60%为严重污染,石油烃是主要污染物。
自20世纪80年代国外开展地下水污染治理至今,地下水污染修复技术在大量的实践应用中得以不断改进和创新。较典型的地下水污染修复技术主要有异位修复(Ex-situ)、原位修复(In-situ)和监测自然衰减修复(Monitored Natural Attenuation)等。对于石油类污染的地下水和土壤,除在特定情况下采用抽取-处理的异位处理方法外,目前国内外主要集中探索污染的原位修复技术及其工程实践。曝气及生物强化修复技术被认为是未来地下水污染中最有前景的修复技术。
浅层地下水石油类污染原位曝气修复技术研究进展
Research Progress on the In-situ Air Sparging Remediation for Petroleum Pollution in Shallow Groundwater
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摘要: 地下水石油类污染因其污染普遍、危害性巨大、去除困难以及治理费用昂贵而受到广泛关注。原位曝气修复技术(AS)以低成本、修复效率高、操作简便等优势近些年来发展迅速。文章综述了地下水石油类污染现状,阐述了AS修复地下水石油类污染物原理,从曝气流型、组分传质以及生物扰动降解等方面深入探讨了注入气体运移方式及分布范围的影响因素,污染物的传质行为及质量去除机制,生物降解及监测手段等,总结了AS修复的研究进展。指出了当前AS修复技术在非均质介质的理论模型以及生物降解作用定量化表征方面存在的问题,并就未来强化修复实现多技术协同联用结合新兴监测分析技术进行了展望,以期为AS修复技术进一步的研究和应用推广提供参考依据。Abstract: Petroleum pollution in groundwater has drawn a wide attention due to its universality, harmfulness, difficult removal and expensive treatment. The in-situ air sparging remediation has developed rapidly in recent years with the increasing realization of its advantages, including the low cost, a high efficiency and an uncomplicated operability. This paper mainly concludes the current situation of petroleum pollution in groundwater and illustrates the mechanism of air sparging. In detail, based on the analysis of the air flow pattern, mass transfer and biodegradation of AS technology, the influence factors for migration mode and distribution range of injected gas, mass transfer and quality removal mechanism of pollutants, biodegradation and its monitoring methods are discussed, and the research progress of this technique is summerized. It is necessary to point out the existing problems in the theoretical model for the heterogeneous media and the quantitative characterization of biodegradation. In addition, this paper analyzes the prospect of the enhanced remediation to realize multi-technology combined with the emerging monitoring technology, which can be a guidance for a further improvement, application and extension for the in-situ air sparging remediation.
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