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煤炭、建材、水泥、电力等行业均会产生大量的粉尘颗粒物排放[1],采用除尘装置收集工业排放粉尘具有重要意义。滤筒除尘器具有除尘效率高、阻力适中、价格低、占地面积小等优势,在除尘领域应用广泛[2]。脉冲清灰是除尘器滤筒再生的重要环节,其性能的优劣直接关系到除尘器的稳定运行[3]。脉冲喷吹因其时间短促、影响因素多、气流速度变化快等特点,其清灰机理至今尚无明确定论,常以喷吹压力作为评判喷吹强度的重要指标[2, 4]。
数值模拟作为实验测试的有效补充,对于揭示脉冲喷吹流场具有重要意义。滤筒是滤袋的一种特殊形式,二者的过滤与清灰工艺相似[1]。党小庆等[5]利用CFD方法对ϕ160 mm×6 000 mm的滤袋的脉冲喷吹清灰过程进行了数值模拟,分析了滤袋内壁压力随时间的变化规律,对比了滤袋内各部位压力的分布大小。汪钰[6]采用CFD/CSD耦合计算方法,研究了脉冲清灰过程中喷吹管入口流量、喷嘴个数及其类型对滤袋除尘器清灰性能的影响,获得了袋式除尘器脉冲清灰装置的性能优化方法。张情等[7]采用Fluent数值模拟方法研究了诱导喷嘴条件下ϕ325 mm×660 mm(外径×高度)滤筒内压力的变化规律,分析了脉冲喷吹气流在滤筒内的动压与静压的转变规律,考察了滤筒内各部位的脉冲清灰效果。胥海伦等[8]采用数值计算模拟了开口散射器对滤筒除尘脉冲清灰的作用机制,揭示了不同尺寸散射器条件下滤筒内的流场特征。万凯迪等[9]采用CFD/CSD单向耦合计算对滤袋的脉冲喷吹过程进行了模拟,考虑了滤袋的变形对喷吹流场的影响,得到了不同工况下滤袋壁面峰值压力和最大反向加速度曲线,分析了喷吹压力、喷吹距离、喷嘴直径、滤袋长度等因素对脉冲喷吹效果的影响。董一杰等[10]采用三维CFD研究了滤袋除尘器低能耗脉冲喷吹过程,揭示了喷嘴附近与滤袋内部流场特征。
脉冲喷吹的数值模拟实现了脉喷清灰作用机制的探究与清灰效果的定量评价,然而,对脉冲喷吹的模拟普遍基于干净的滤筒/滤袋所开展,对尘饼负载影响喷吹过程的考虑不足。本研究采用数值模拟手段考察了尘饼负载条件下滤筒除尘器的脉冲喷吹过程,探究了总过滤阻力为50~2 000 Pa时,干净滤筒、尘饼形成后喷吹气流压力的时空演变、穿过滤筒风量等变化规律,考察了负载尘饼对滤筒脉冲喷吹性能的影响,以期为揭示除尘器滤筒的脉喷清灰作用机制提供参考。
数值模拟滤筒中负载尘饼对脉冲喷吹清灰效果的影响
Numerical simulation of the effect of dust cake loading in filter cartridge on pulse injection
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摘要: 脉冲喷吹清灰进行滤筒的再生是实现除尘器稳定、高效、长期运行的必要环节,对滤筒脉喷清灰性能的研究具有重要意义。目前,对脉喷过程的数值模拟普遍基于干净的滤筒,负载尘饼对喷吹过程的影响尚考虑不足。以滤筒除尘器装置为研究对象,考察滤筒负载尘饼对脉冲喷吹性能的影响,建立了脉冲喷吹的CFD数值模型用其对清灰流场进行模拟,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:脉冲喷吹压力在滤筒内自下而上蓄积,滤筒尘饼负载量越多,则滤筒内部蓄积的压力越大、喷吹强度越高、均匀性越好、穿过滤筒的喷吹气流越少;与固定尘饼负载量(喷吹过程尘饼不剥离)相比,考虑尘饼剥离的情形下脉喷后期的气流出现了明显上升;尘饼剥离条件下的脉喷性能介于尘饼负载固定与干净滤筒二者之间,且相对接近于尘饼负载固定的情形。以上结果可为脉喷清灰除尘器的设计提供参考。Abstract: Pulse-jet cleaning for filter cartridge regeneration is essential to realize stable, effective, and long-term operation of dust collectors. Numerical studies on pulse-jet cleaning are commonly based on clean filters and give insignificant consideration of the impact of dust cake loaded on the filter cartridge on the cleaning. To address this, this work investigates the effect of dust cake loaded on the filter cartridge on the performance of pulse-jet cleaning. A CFD numerical model for pulse-jet cleaning was established to simulate the jet airflow field, which is verified by an experiment. Results show that the pulse jet pressure accumulated from the bottom to the top of the filter cartridge. With more dust cake covered on the filter cartridge, higher pressure inside the filter cartridge, greater pulse-jet cleaning intensity, better uniformity, and decreased pulsed jet airflow penetrating the filter were observed. Compared to the case whereby the dust cake was fixed (not peeled off during the pulse-jet cleaning process), the airflow obviously increased in the later period of pulse jetting by considering dust cake peeling off during cleaning. The pulse-jet cleaning performance by considering the dust cake peeling off was between those with fixed loaded dust cake and with clean filter cartridge and closer to the former case. This study can provide references for the design of pulse-jet cleaning dust collectors.
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