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污泥作为城市污水处理厂的主要废物,因其含有大量病原微生物、寄生虫卵、重金属以及大量难降解的有机物[1],所以,污泥最终的处理处置技术广受关注。截至2017年12月,我国建成污水处理厂5 072座,年产生含水率80%的污泥超过5×107 t,如果这些污泥得不到妥善处置,将对环境和生态造成严重危害。目前,对于污泥的处置多采用填埋和堆肥,填埋处理要求污泥的含水率达到60%以下[2],而我国大多数污水处理厂不能达标,所以,须在污泥脱水之前对污泥进行调理,改变污泥的组织结构,减小污泥的黏性,实现污泥高效脱水[3]。有研究[4]发现,污泥难以脱水的主要原因是由于胞外聚合物(EPS)的存在,将EPS絮体破解,释放内部水分,才能实现污泥高效脱水。EPS是细菌分泌于体外的一些高分子聚合物,主要成分是多糖、蛋白质和核酸等高分子物质。
此外,随着我国造纸行业的发展,造纸污泥的量也在逐年增加。造纸污泥是制浆造纸过程中产生的固体废物,富含碳酸钙、高岭土等无机物和纤维素、半纤维素、木素等有机物,并且还存在部分成分复杂的污染物,如果处理不当,将对环境造成严重危害[5]。
目前,Fenton法和酸处理法用于污泥调理,但对pH的要求较为苛刻[6]。高级氧化法中的过硫酸盐经过渡金属、紫外以及热活化产生的硫酸根自由基(
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ·),其氧化还原电位E0=2.50~3.10 eV[7],具有很强的氧化性和非选择性,可以氧化绝大部分有机物,使EPS絮体破解。宋秀兰等[8]和ZHEN等[9]采用亚铁离子活化过硫酸盐对污泥进行调理,可以有效降低污泥的含水率,提高污泥的脱水效果。基于上述研究基础,本研究采用Fe2+活化过硫酸盐联合造纸初沉污泥对市政污泥进行调理,探究不同调理方式对市政污泥的各项指标的影响,以期解决市政污泥高含水率、难以脱水的难题。
Fe2+活化过硫酸盐对市政污泥EPS性能的影响
Effect of Fe2+ activated persulfate on EPS properties of sewage sludge
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摘要: 针对污泥难以脱水、处理难度大的问题,通过过硫酸盐高级氧化技术联合造纸污泥作为骨架对市政污泥进行调理,以泥饼含水率、污泥比阻(SRF)、毛细吸水时间(CST)、胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质和多糖的分布关系,以及滤饼和滤液中总氮、总磷含量为指标,研究Fe2+活化过硫酸盐联合造纸污泥骨架构建体对EPS的影响。结果表明:将造纸污泥与市政污泥1∶2混合,再添加过硫酸盐和Fe2+,对污泥的调理效果最好,泥饼的含水率由74.52%降至69.57%,SRF降低了66.23%;蛋白质和多糖的分布关系为S-EPS>LB-EPS>TB-EPS,滤饼中总氮所占比例由94.60%下降至65.62%,EPS被有效破解,污泥脱水效果显著改善。
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关键词:
- 市政污泥 /
- 造纸污泥 /
- 骨架 /
- 胞外聚合物(EPS)
Abstract: In response to the difficulty in sewage sludge dewatering and treatment, the combination of Fe2+-activated persulfate oxidation and skeleton builders of paper sludge was used to condition the sewage sludge. In this study, moisture content of sludge cake, specific resistance to filtration (SRF), capillary sunction time (CST), the distribution of protein and polysaccharide in the EPS, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the filter cake and filtrate were used to evaluate the effect of above combination on the EPS. The result showed that when the sewage sludge was mixed with the paper sludge with a ratio of 1:2, the addition of Fe2+ and persulfate could result in the best dewaterability effect. The moisture content of sludge cake decreased from 74.52% to 69.57%, and the SRF was reduced by 66.23%. The distribution of protein and polysaccharide was S-EPS>LB-EPS>TB-EPS, and the proportion of total nitrogen in cake decreased from 94.60% to 65.62%. The EPS was effectively disrupted, and the sludge dewaterability was significantly improved.-
Key words:
- sewage sludge /
- paper sludge /
- skeleton /
- extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)
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表 1 污泥的特性
Table 1. Characteristics of sludge
含水率/% 污泥比阻/(1012 m·kg−1) 毛细吸水时间/s pH 有机质(VSS/TSS)/% 98.68 238.97 199.8 6.71 49.85 -
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