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含油污泥(油泥)是指在油田勘探开发、原油储存、运输、精炼等过程中, 由于滴漏、自然沉降、事故等原因产生的一种固体危险废弃物[1]。目前,我国落地油泥主要采用露天堆放、填埋、机械分离、微生物降解和焚烧等方法进行处理[2-4]。传统的露天堆放和填埋法不仅侵占土地,而且可能造成二次污染;机械分离法由于受到油泥高黏度的限制,无法将原油有效地分离出来。许德增[5]采用微生物降解法处理油泥,但生物降解法降解周期长,降解效果不稳定。焚烧法处理成本高,亦存在资源浪费等问题[6]。将落地油泥制备成改性沥青不仅可以彻底解决油泥的污染问题,而且可以充分地利用油泥,实现变废为宝、废物利用的目的。
改性沥青是指掺加橡胶、树脂、高分子聚合物、磨细的橡胶粉或其他填料等外掺剂(改性剂),或采取对沥青轻度氧化加工等措施,使沥青或沥青混合料的性能得以改善制成的沥青结合料[7]。改性沥青的种类和改性方法有很多种,在高分子聚合物改性沥青中,苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段高聚物(SBS)改性沥青技术[8-9]和废橡胶粉改性沥青技术比较成熟。改性沥青有优异的路用性能,如可以改善沥青混合料抵抗高温永久变形,可以提高沥青混合料抵抗低温变形并改善路面的抗水损害,可以改善沥青混合料的抗老化性能等。
基于油泥污染问题和处理现状,结合SBS改性沥青技术和废橡胶粉改性沥青技术,本研究提出用孤岛落地油泥对沥青进行改性。参考橡胶改性沥青评价指标和SBS改性沥青评价指标,确定孤岛落地油泥改性沥青的最优配比和改性效果,并对其储存稳定性进行分析,这对其后续研究与工程应用具有参考价值。
孤岛落地油泥制备改性沥青及其性能
Preparation and properties of modified asphalt from Gudao town ground oil sludge
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摘要: 以油田油泥与基质沥青为实验原材料,采用高速剪切方法制备油田油泥改性沥青,通过针入度、软化点、延度、运动黏度和离析软化点差等表征方法,研究孤岛落地油泥对沥青高低温性能、加工性能和储存稳定性的影响。结果表明:活性中间体与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)添加量(质量分数)分别为15%与4%时,孤岛落地油泥改性沥青的针入度比基质沥青降低0.4 mm,软化点比基质沥青提高24 ℃,运动黏度为0.28 Pa·s,离析软化点差(165 ℃,48 h)为0.3 ℃,其各项指标均同时满足橡胶沥青评价指标要求和SBS沥青评价指标要求;加入适量的油泥可提高沥青的低温抗裂性能,改善加工性能,而对沥青储存稳定性无明显影响。
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关键词:
- 油泥 /
- 改性沥青 /
- 苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物
Abstract: Oil field sludge treatment is a great challenge for the whole world. In this study, oil field sludge and matrix asphalt were used as experimental raw materials, and oilfield modified asphalt was prepared by high-speed shearing method. The effects of the island ground sludge on the high and low temperature properties, processing properties and storage stability of the asphalt were studied by using the characterization methods such as penetration, softening point, ductility, kinematic viscosity and separation softening point difference. The results showed that when the additive amounts of active intermediates and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers (SBS) were 15% and 4% (mass fraction, the same below), respectively, the penetration degree and softening point of oil field sludge modified asphalt were 0.4 mm lower and 24 ℃ higher than matrix asphalt, respectively. The kinematic viscosity of the modified asphalt was 0.28 Pa·s, and the separation softening point difference (165 ℃, 48 h) was 0.3 ℃. All the indexes could meet the requirements of the evaluation criterion of rubber asphalt and SBS asphalt. Adding proper amount of oil sludge could improve its crack resistance at low temperature and the process properties of asphalt, but had no significant influence on its storage stability.-
Key words:
- oil sludge /
- modified asphalt /
- styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers
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表 1 孤岛油泥元素氧化物分析结果
Table 1. Analysis results of element oxides in gudao oil sludge
% SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Fe2O3 Na2O SO3 CO2 Cl H3O+ 总量 12.2 4.1 1.69 0.49 1.03 1.13 1.88 74.8 0.22 2.15 99.69 表 2 孤岛落地油泥改性沥青的性能及改性沥青标准
Table 2. Properties of gudao town ground sludge modified asphalt and standard of modified asphalt
活性中间体/% SBS/% 针入度1)/(0.1 mm) 软化点/℃ 延度2)/cm 弹性恢复/% 闪点/℃ 运动黏度/(Pa·s) 离析软化点差3)/℃ 薄膜烘箱老化后 残留针入度比4)/% 残留延度5)/cm 质量变化/% 5 3 63 83 40 94 267 0.25 0.6 96 20 -0.51 4 67 74 44 97 251 0.23 0.4 99 22 -0.47 5 71 69 46 96 248 0.21 0.5 98 26 -0.62 10 3 64 83 40 94 269 0.29 1.1 94 24 -0.47 4 68 73 44 97 255 0.24 0.4 97 26 -0.44 5 72 68 47 96 272 0.253 0.24 98 28 -0.29 15 3 65 81 42 95 274 0.325 1.7 94 26 -0.45 4 66 72 45 96 260 0.28 0.3 96 29 -0.41 5 74 66 49 97 257 0.26 1.8 96 32 -0.54 20 3 65 79 42 96 277 0.356 3.3 93 19 -0.39 4 68 71 46 95 266 0.34 3.5 94 24 -0.36 5 74 66 49 97 259 0.285 2.7 95 29 -0.52 废橡胶粉改性沥青标准 > 60 > 55 > 10 ≥70 ≥230 ≤1.0 < 7.0 > 70 ≥5 ±1.0 I-C类聚合物SBS改性沥青标准 60~80 > 55 > 30 > 65 ≥230 ≤3 ≤2.5 > 60 ≥20 ±1.0 注:1)实验条件为25 ℃,5 s,100 g;2)温度为5 ℃;3)实验条件为165 ℃,48 h;4)温度为25 ℃;5)温度为5 ℃。 -
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