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1 材料与方法
1.1 实验装置
Fig. 1 Flow diagram of experimental device

1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 单因素实验
Table 1 Scheme of single factor experiment
通气速率/(mL·min−1) | 土量/mL | 水蒸气浓度/% |
60、80、100、120 | 80 | 0 |
80 | 40、60、80、100 | 0 |
80 | 80 | 0、5、15、25、30 |
1.2.2 响应曲面实验
Table 2 Level and code of experimental variables based on response surface methodology
因素 | 编码 | 水平 | ||
-1 | 0 | +1 | ||
通气速率/(mL·min−1) | X1 | 60 | 80 | 100 |
土量/mL | X2 | 60 | 80 | 100 |
水蒸气浓度/% | X3 | 5 | 15 | 25 |
2 结果与讨论
2.1 单因素实验
2.1.1 通气速率对土壤中汽油去除速率的影响
Fig. 2 Change of exhaust gas concentration with time under different ventilation rates
Fig. 2 Change of exhaust gas concentration with time under different ventilation rates

(1) |
(2) |
Table 3 Parameter of fitted equation on different ventilation rates
参数 | 通气速率/(mL·min−1) | |||
60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | |
y0 | 1 659.89 | 1 717.22 | 2 025.41 | 2 111.30 |
xc | 68.12 | 86.40 | 86.82 | 85.10 |
w | 183.66 | 131.52 | 88.13 | 76.92 |
A | 1.41 × 106 | 1.52 × 106 | 2.49 × 106 | 2.76 × 106 |
R2Adj | 0.956 5 | 0.945 7 | 0.978 9 | 0.977 9 |
ymax/(mg·m−3) | 7 785.50 | 10 938.62 | 24 568.87 | 28 840.87 |
2.1.2 土量对土壤中汽油去除速率的影响
Fig. 3 Change of exhaust gas concentration with time under different soil volume

Table 4 Parameter of fitted equation on different soil volume
参数 | 土量/mL | |||
100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | |
y0 | 1 795.13 | 2 515.56 | 2 009.65 | 1 691.34 |
xc | 106.29 | 104.60 | 110.03 | 104.42 |
w | 110.39 | 83.79 | 86.00 | 108.98 |
A | 2.78 × 106 | 2.80 × 106 | 3.29 × 106 | 2.79 × 106 |
R2 Adj | 0.967 0 | 0.979 0 | 0.990 6 | 0.966 7 |
ymax/(mg·m−3) | 21 888.84 | 29 178.47 | 32 533.72 | 22 117.90 |
2.1.3 水蒸气浓度对土壤中汽油去除速率的影响
Fig. 4 Change of exhaust gas concentration with time under different steam concentration
Fig. 4 Change of exhaust gas concentration with time under different steam concentration

Table 5 Parameter of the fitted equation on different steam concentration
参数 | 水蒸气浓度/% | ||||
0 | 5 | 15 | 25 | 30 | |
y0 | 1 828.77 | 2 977.03 | 2 383.30 | 2 002.60 | 1 334.89 |
xc | 48.17 | 33.00 | 20.44 | 44.15 | 53.72 |
w | 46.28 | 43.96 | 30.04 | 40.12 | 66.33 |
A | 1.92 × 106 | 3.95 × 106 | 5.19 × 106 | 1.59 × 106 | 2.00 × 106 |
R2 Adj | 0.963 8 | 0.978 5 | 0.927 6 | 0.935 8 | 0.861 2 |
ymax/(mg·m−3) | 34 930.66 | 74 671.29 | 140 235.08 | 33 624.00 | 25 393.19 |
2.2 响应曲面分析实验
2.2.1 模型的建立
Table 6 Experimental design and results of response surface analysis
序 号 | (X1) 通气速率 | (X2) 土量 | (X3) 水蒸气浓度 | (Y) 脱附时间/min |
1 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 278 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 217 |
3 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 284 |
4 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 251 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 223 |
6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 235 |
7 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 270 |
8 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 269 |
9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 211 |
10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 289 |
11 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 261 |
12 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 266 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 213 |
14 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 234 |
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 208 |
16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 271 |
17 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 276 |
(3) |
2.2.2 模型方差分析及显著性检验
Table 7 Variance analysis and significance test of regression equation
来源 | 平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F | P |
模型 | 12 471.68 | 9 | 1 385.74 | 49.44 | <0.000 1 |
X1 | 162.00 | 1 | 162.00 | 5.78 | 0.047 2 |
X2 | 312.50 | 1 | 312.50 | 11.15 | 0.012 4 |
X3 | 364.50 | 1 | 364.50 | 13.00 | 0.008 7 |
X1 X2 | 900.00 | 1 | 900.00 | 32.11 | 0.000 8 |
X1 X3 | 64.00 | 1 | 64.00 | 2.28 | 0.174 5 |
X2X3 | 4.00 | 1 | 4.00 | 0.14 | 0.716 8 |
X12 | 1 188.38 | 1 | 1 188.38 | 42.40 | 0.000 3 |
X22 | 1 410.06 | 1 | 1 410.06 | 50.31 | 0.000 2 |
X32 | 7 181.85 | 1 | 7 181.85 | 256.23 | <0.000 1 |
残差 | 196.20 | 7 | 28.03 | ||
失拟项 | 61.00 | 3 | 20.33 | 0.60 | 0.647 5 |
纯误差 | 135.20 | 4 | 33.80 | ||
总离差 | 1 2667.88 | 16 |
2.2.3 响应曲面交互作用分析
Fig. 5 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of ventilation rates and soil amount on desorption time
Fig. 5 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of ventilation rates and soil amount on desorption time

Fig. 6 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of ventilation rates and steam concentration on desorption time
Fig. 6 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of ventilation rates and steam concentration on desorption time

Fig. 7 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of soil amount and steam concentration on desorption time
Fig. 7 Response surface and contour plot showing effects of soil amount and steam concentration on desorption time
